How to Detect Compressed Air Leaks Faster With Acoustic Imaging

REDUCE INSPECTION TIME BY UP TO 90%

In most factories, compressed air systems are one of the largest electricity cost centers. That’s why it’s important to detect compressed air leaks and equipment inefficiencies as early as possible - and fix them immediately. But finding air leaks isn’t easy to do using traditional inspection methods, such as soap bubble testing, which take significant time.

The FLIR Si124 is ideal for pinpointing leaks in complicated, difficult-to-access locations.

Most leaks create turbulence which in turn creates ultrasonic noise. An acoustic imaging camera, such as the FLIR Si124, pinpoints the source of that noise and overlays that “hot spot” onto a visual camera picture in real time. By imaging the noise source, we can improve ultrasound inspection time by approximately 90 percent. Inspectors can also quickly scan large areas with the camera from a safe distance without touching machinery or shutting down the line. The FLIR Si124 sees through background noise commonly found in industrial environments to produce precise imagery. By listening, recognizing, analyzing ultrasonic sounds, and ultimately understanding what different sounds mean, an acoustic imager allows operators to instantly and accurately pinpoint the source of an air leak.

Adopting acoustic imaging as part of a predictive maintenance routine, professionals can identify issues fast, cut excess costs, and keep manufacturing operations going.

Fixing compressed air leaks found with the FLIR Si124 can save manufacturers tens of thousands of dollars in electricity costs every year.

SMART LEAK QUANTIFICATION AND COST ANALYSIS

Any typical ultrasonic microphone can locate air leaks if the sound pressure levels they emit are strong enough. But if the user is not trained in acoustics, using these kinds of devices without any analysis capabilities will not provide the results needed to make informed maintenance decisions. Historically, converting leak sound files into leak size estimates and cost estimates involves using tables or complicated algorithms. The FLIR Si124 eliminates this problem by making analysis easy with minimal training.

The Si124 is a smart tool with on-device analytics, providing leak-size and leak-cost analysis. This makes it easy for a facility to quickly calculate the estimated yearly energy expense caused by compressed air or vacuum leaks.

FLIR Si124 Acoustic Imaging Camera

After images are captured with the Si124, the camera automatically saves them to the FLIR Acoustic Camera Viewer cloud service over Wi-Fi. Then users can review stored images for in-depth analytics, generate reports for air leak audits, and conduct deep analysis effortlessly.

The camera is simple to configure and can be connected directly to the factory Wi-Fi network.

FILTERS OUT BACKGROUND NOISE

Pressurized air leaks generate broadband sound that extends from audible to ultrasonic frequencies. Industrial manufacturing facilities have various levels of background noise, making it next to impossible to hear an air leak with the human ears alone. Higher ultrasonic frequencies can be more easily distinguished from background noise, with the best performance resulting from the 20–30 kHz frequencies for long distances and up to 65 kHz for leaks at short distances.

Finding the optimal frequency in a noisy environment.

When comparing standard ultrasonic detectors, one might get the impression that air leaks emit only specific ultrasonic frequency sound, and in order to detect them, this frequency range should be used. However, this is not the truth—in some cases, it may be beneficial, but in others, it can harm the detection sensitivity. The most suitable frequency used for detection depends on several different factors. Nonetheless, background noise can still interfere. In these cases, the device must be able to differentiate sound sources that resemble a leak from other interfering sound sources. Most acoustic cameras on the market today require the user to manually filter out any interfering noise using sliders to select a frequency range. This time-consuming trial-and-error approach significantly increases the risk that many problems are left undetected.

An example of detection range loss on different frequencies.

The FLIR Si124 has a different approach: it automatically detects sound patterns that resemble those of air leaks and removes interfering noises for both single and multiple sound sources using advanced on-camera AI filters. In other words, the camera recognizes whether the sound resembles an air leak vs. background noise — so the user doesn’t have to.

To detect very high frequency sound sources, the acoustic camera must have a multitude of microphones—preferably quite close to each other. Otherwise, issues of spatial aliasing will occur, meaning erroneous results and sound sources displayed at invalid locations. It is tempting to include higher frequency support in the acoustic camera for marketing purposes, as higher numbers often look better. The reality is that using frequencies that are too high will not provide any benefits and instead make the performance worse.

The FLIR Si124 can detect any pressurized gas leak as long as there is enough of a pressure differential (psi minimum is a good rough value).

ACCURACY WITH LESS EFFORT

In acoustic imaging, the number of microphones the camera has plays a critical role. In general, the higher the number of microphones, the better the acoustical performance. Acoustic cameras generally use MEMS (microelectro-mechanical systems) type microphones, as they provide great performance, stability, low-power consumption, and they are small in size. MEMS microphones can typically pick up loud noises (usually over 120 dB(A)), but they also have a high self-noise level, which means that a single microphone cannot pick up the quietest sound levels; however, this self-noise can be eliminated by combining the signal from multiple microphones. Doubling the number of microphones removes roughly 3 dB of noise. Therefore, the sensitivity for detecting quiet sounds can be increased by maximizing the number of microphones.

This figure shows how the number of microphones impacts the ability to “see” problems. With 124 microphones, the Si124 allows the user to easily see two noise peaks generated by a leak vs. 1 peak with a camera using only 32 microphones.

The FLIR Si124 features 124 microphones—twice the number of competing acoustic imagers—to detect air leaks as small as 0.016 l/min in optimal conditions. This level of accuracy is made possible thanks to the Si124’s industry-leading defect-detection sensitivity, distance range, and unprecedented number of onboard microphones.

TELEDYNE FLIR: TRUSTED SUPPLIER OF DECISION-SUPPORT SOLUTIONS

Manufacturing professionals depend on Teledyne FLIR to offer reliable, quality solutions that make their jobs easier, so they have more time to focus on other priorities. That's why Teledyne FLIR added acoustic imaging to the company’s suite of thermal products—to enable facilities to do their jobs faster, more safely, and more efficiently. Its acoustic imaging offering includes two software analysis and reporting packages: a simple but robust online reporting system or FLIR Thermal Studio Pro desktop software which can be completely customized for user needs, including the use of both thermal imaging and acoustic imaging in the same report. Finally, because large companies benefit from scalable inspection technology they can easily deploy in many countries and timezones, Teledyne FLIR offers an international support network of service centers, training facilities, and 24/7 support in multiple languages, making it the preferred partner of global companies.

Facilities can reduce compressed air and vacuum leak inspection time by up to 90 percent without extensive training using the FLIR Si124.

For more information about thermal imaging cameras or about this application please visit: www.FLIR.com/si124